Igihombo cyibigo byamakarito nikintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka kubiciro. Niba igihombo kigenzuwe, kirashobora kongera imikorere yikigo murwego runini no kuzamura ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa. Reka dusesengure igihombo gitandukanye muruganda rwamakarito.
Kubivuga mu buryo bworoshye, igihombo cyose cyuruganda rwikarito ni umubare wimpapuro mbuto winjiza ukuyemo ibicuruzwa byarangiye bishyirwa mububiko. Kurugero: buri kwezi impapuro mbisi zinjiza zigomba gutanga metero kare miliyoni imwe, kandi ububiko bwibicuruzwa byarangiye ni metero kare 900.000, hanyuma igihombo cyose cyuruganda mukwezi kurubu = (100-90) = metero kare 100.000, na igihombo cyose ni 10/100 × 100% -10%. Igihombo cyose gishobora kuba gusa umubare rusange. Ariko, kugabana igihombo kuri buri nzira bizasobanuka neza, kandi bizatworohera kubona inzira nintambwe zo kugabanya igihombo.
1. Gutakaza ikarito ya korugator
Gupfusha ubusa ibicuruzwa bifite inenge
Ibicuruzwa bifite inenge bivuga ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa nyuma yo gukatwa nimashini ikata.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Gutakaza agace = (kugabanya ubugari × kugabanya umubare) × gukata uburebure × umubare wibyuma byo gutema ibicuruzwa bifite inenge.
Impamvu: imikorere idahwitse y'abakozi, ibibazo byiza byimpapuro zifatizo, bidakwiye, nibindi.
Definition Ibisobanuro
Agace ko gutakaza = (kugabanya ubugari × umubare wogukata) × uburebure bwo gukata × umubare wibyuma byo gutema ibicuruzwa bifite inenge.
Impamvu: imikorere idahwitse y'abakozi, ibibazo byiza byimpapuro zifatizo, bidakwiye, nibindi.
Ingamba zo kunoza: gushimangira imicungire yabakora no kugenzura ubwiza bwimpapuro mbisi.
Loss Gutakaza ibicuruzwa byiza
Ibicuruzwa bihebuje bivuga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa byateganijwe mbere yimpapuro. Kurugero, niba impapuro 100 ziteganijwe kugaburirwa, nimpapuro 105 zibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa zigaburirwa, noneho 5 muri zo nibicuruzwa bihebuje.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Agace keza cyane kubicuruzwa = (kugabanya ubugari × umubare wogukata) × uburebure bwo gukata × (umubare wabatemye nabi-umubare wabateganijwe).
Impamvu: impapuro nyinshi kuri korugator, impapuro zidahwitse zakira kuri korugator, nibindi.
Ingamba zogutezimbere: ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo gucunga umusaruro wa korugator irashobora gukemura ibibazo byo gupakira impapuro zidahwitse hamwe nimpapuro zidahwitse zakira kumashini imwe.
Lim Gutakaza igihombo
Gukata bivuga igice cyogoshywe mugihe cyo gutema impande na mashini yo gutema no gutemagura imashini ya tile.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Kugabanya agace k'igihombo = (impapuro urubuga-kugabanya ubugari × umubare wogukata) × uburebure bwo gukata × (umubare wibicuruzwa byiza + umubare wibicuruzwa bibi).
Impamvu: igihombo gisanzwe, ariko niba ari kinini cyane, impamvu igomba gusesengurwa. Kurugero, niba ubugari bwo gutondekanya bwurutonde ari mm 981, naho ubugari ntarengwa bwo gutemwa busabwa na korugator ni 20mm, hanyuma 981mm + 20mm = 1001mm, bikaba binini cyane kurenza 1000mm, koresha impapuro 1050mm kugirango ugende. Ubugari bwuruhande ni 1050mm-981mm = 69mm, nini cyane kuruta gutema bisanzwe, bigatuma igihombo cyo gutema cyiyongera.
Ingamba zogutezimbere: Niba arimpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, tekereza ko gahunda itagabanijwe, kandi impapuro zigaburirwa impapuro 1000mm. Iyo icapiro ryacapwe hanyuma agasanduku kazinduwe, impapuro z'ubugari bwa 50mm zirashobora gukizwa, ariko ibi bizaba kurwego runaka Kugabanya imikorere yo gucapa. Indi ngamba yo guhangana ni uko ishami rishinzwe kugurisha rishobora kuzirikana ibi mugihe ryakira ibicuruzwa, kunoza imiterere yabyo, no guhitamo neza.
Loss Gutakaza Tab
Tabbing bivuga igice cyakozwe mugihe hakenewe urubuga runini rwimpapuro kugirango ugaburire impapuro kubera kubura impapuro shingiro zurubuga rwibanze. Kurugero, gutumiza bigomba gukorwa mubipapuro bifite ubugari bwimpapuro 1000mm, ariko kubera kubura impapuro zifatizo za 1000mm cyangwa izindi mpamvu, impapuro zigomba kugaburirwa na 1050mm. Inyongera 50mm ni tabulation.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Tabbing igihombo = (urupapuro rwurubuga nyuma yo gutondekanya urupapuro rwateganijwe) × gukata uburebure × (umubare wibyuma byo gutema ibicuruzwa byiza + umubare wibyuma byo gutema ibicuruzwa bibi).
Impamvu: kubika impapuro mbisi zidafite ishingiro cyangwa kugura bidatinze impapuro mbisi nishami rishinzwe kugurisha.
Ingamba zo kunoza iterambere: Amasoko yisosiyete agomba gusuzuma niba kugura impapuro mbisi hamwe nububiko byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya, kandi ukagerageza gufatanya nabakiriya mugutegura impapuro kugirango bamenye igitekerezo cyakazi. Ku rundi ruhande, ishami rishinzwe kugurisha rigomba gushyira urutonde rwibisabwa mbere yo guha ishami rishinzwe kugura amasoko kugirango amasoko yumwimerere ahari. Muri byo, gutakaza ibicuruzwa bifite inenge no gutakaza ibicuruzwa bihebuje bigomba kuba iby'igihombo cy’imikorere y’ishami rishinzwe amakarito y’amakarito, ashobora gukoreshwa nk’isuzuma ry’ishami kugira ngo ateze imbere iterambere.
2. Gucapura agasanduku
Loss Igihombo cy'inyongera
Umubare munini wumusaruro winyongera uzongerwaho mugihe ikarito yakozwe kubera igeragezwa ryimashini icapura nimpanuka mugihe cyo gukora ikarito.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Ahantu ho gutakaza igihombo = giteganijwe kongerwaho ingano area agace ka karito.
Impamvu: igihombo kinini cyicapiro, urwego ruto rwo gukora imashini icapura, hamwe nigihombo kinini cyo gupakira murwego rukurikira. Byongeye kandi, ishami rishinzwe kugurisha ntirishobora kugenzura umubare winyongera zashyizweho. Mubyukuri, nta mpamvu yo kongeramo byinshi byiyongereye. Umubare munini winyongera uzana kubyara umusaruro udakenewe. Niba umusaruro mwinshi udashobora gusya, bizahinduka "ibarura ryapfuye", ni ukuvuga kubara igihe cyashize, bikaba igihombo kidakenewe. .
Ingamba zogutezimbere: Iki kintu kigomba kuba icy'igihombo cyakozwe nishami rishinzwe gucapa, rishobora gukoreshwa nkigipimo cy’isuzuma ry’ishami hagamijwe kuzamura ireme ry’abakozi n’urwego rw’imikorere. Ishami rishinzwe kugurisha rizashimangira irembo ryubunini bwibicuruzwa, hamwe n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byoroheje kandi byoroshye Kugira ngo habeho itandukaniro, birasabwa gushyiramo kwiyongera mu ngingo ya mbere yo kugenzura inkomoko kugirango wirinde bitari ngombwa birenze cyangwa munsi- umusaruro.
Gutema igihombo
Iyo ikarito ikozwe, igice kizengurutse ikarito yazinduwe na mashini ikata ipfa ni igihombo.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: Agace kegeranye gutakaza igihombo = (impapuro zateguwe ahantu-nyuma yo kuzunguruka) × ingano yububiko.
Impamvu: igihombo gisanzwe, ariko impamvu igomba gusesengurwa mugihe ubwinshi ari bwinshi. Hariho kandi imashini zikoresha, zikoresha, na kimwe cya kabiri cyikora imashini zipfa gupfa, kandi ibisabwa bikenewe kuzunguruka nabyo biratandukanye.
Ingamba zogutezimbere: imashini zitandukanye zipfa gupfa zigomba kongerwaho mbere hamwe no kuzenguruka kugirango zigabanye igihombo bishoboka.
Verisiyo yuzuye igabanya igihombo
Bamwe mubakoresha amakarito ntibakenera kumeneka. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge, birakenewe ko wongera ahantu runaka hafi yikarito yumwimerere (nko kwiyongera kuri 20mm) kugirango ikarito yazungurwe itava. Igice cyiyongereyeho 20mm ni urupapuro rwuzuye rwo gutakaza igihombo.
Ibisobanuro bya formula: urupapuro rwuzuye rugabanya igihombo = (impapuro zateguwe agace-karito nyayo) × ububiko bwububiko.
Impamvu: igihombo gisanzwe, ariko iyo ubwinshi ari bwinshi, impamvu igomba gusesengurwa no kunozwa.
Igihombo ntigishobora kuvaho. Icyo dushobora gukora ni ukugabanya igihombo kurwego rwo hasi kandi rwumvikana binyuze muburyo nubuhanga butandukanye bushoboka. Kubwibyo, akamaro ko kugabanya igihombo mugice kibanziriza iki ni ukureka inzira zijyanye no kumva niba igihombo gitandukanye gifite ishingiro, niba hari aho bigomba kunozwa nibigomba kunozwa (urugero, niba gutakaza ibicuruzwa birenze urugero nabyo binini, birashobora kuba ngombwa gusuzuma niba korugator ifata impapuro Nukuri, igihombo gisimbutse ni kinini, birashobora kuba ngombwa gusuzuma niba gutegura impapuro zumwimerere bifite ishingiro, nibindi) kugirango tugere kumigambi yo kugenzura no. kugabanya igihombo, kugabanya ibiciro, no kuzamura ibicuruzwa guhatana, kandi irashobora gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho mu mashami atandukanye ukurikije igihombo gitandukanye. Ihemba ibyiza kandi uhane ibibi, kandi wongere ishyaka ryabakoresha kugabanya igihombo.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Werurwe-19-2021