Asarar kamfanonin kwali shine babban abin da ke shafar farashin. Idan asarar da aka sarrafa, zai iya ƙara yadda ya dace na sha'anin zuwa babban har da inganta m kayayyakin. Bari mu bincika asara iri-iri a cikin masana'antar kwali.
A sauƙaƙe, jimillar asarar masana'antar kwali ita ce adadin shigar da ɗanyen takarda tare da adadin ƙãre kayayyakin da aka saka a cikin ajiya. Misali: shigar da danyen takarda na wata-wata ya kamata ya samar da murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 1, kuma adadin ajiyar kayan da aka gama yana da murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in 900,000, sannan jimillar asarar masana'anta a cikin wannan wata = (100-90) = mita murabba'in 100,000, kuma jimlar asarar asarar shine 10/100 × 100% -10%. Irin wannan jimillar asarar na iya zama lamba ta gaba ɗaya kawai. Duk da haka, rarraba asarar ga kowane tsari zai zama mafi bayyane, kuma zai zama mafi dacewa a gare mu don nemo hanyoyi da ci gaba don rage hasara.
1. Asarar kwali na corrugator
● Sharar da lahani kayayyakin
Abubuwan da ba su da lahani suna nufin samfuran da ba su cancanta ba bayan an yanke su ta hanyar yankan.
Ma'anar tsari: Wurin da aka rasa = (datsa nisa × lambar yanke) × yankan tsayi × adadin yankan wukake don samfuran da ba su da lahani.
Dalilai: rashin aiki mara kyau ta ma'aikata, matsalolin ingancin takarda, rashin dacewa, da dai sauransu.
● Ma'anar tsari
Wurin da aka yi hasara = (datsa nisa × adadin yanke) × tsawon yanke × adadin yankan wuƙaƙe don samfuran da ba su da lahani.
Dalilai: rashin aiki mara kyau ta ma'aikata, matsalolin ingancin takarda, rashin dacewa, da dai sauransu.
Matakan haɓakawa: ƙarfafa kula da masu aiki da sarrafa ingancin takarda mai kyau.
● Babban hasara na samfur
Manyan samfura suna nufin ƙwararrun samfuran da suka wuce adadin takarda da aka ƙaddara. Misali, idan an shirya ciyar da takarda 100, kuma ana ciyar da samfuran ƙwararrun 105, to 5 daga cikinsu sune manyan kayayyaki.
Ma'anar tsari: Babban yanki na asarar samfur = (datsa nisa × adadin yanke) × tsawon yanke × (yawan masu yankan mara kyau-yawan masu yankan da aka tsara).
Dalilai: takarda da yawa akan corrugator, takardar da ba ta dace ba da ake karba a kan corrugator, da dai sauransu.
Matakan ingantawa: yin amfani da tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki na corrugator zai iya magance matsalolin da ba daidai ba na ɗora takarda da kuma karɓar takarda mara kyau a kan injin tayal guda ɗaya.
● Rage hasara
Yankewa yana nufin ɓangaren da aka gyara lokacin datsa gefuna ta hanyar datsawa da na'urar datse na'urar tayal.
Ma'anar tsari: Yanki asara = (takarda girman gidan yanar gizo × adadin yanke) × tsayin yanke × (yawan samfur mai kyau + adadin samfuran mara kyau).
Dalili: asarar al'ada, amma idan yana da girma, ya kamata a bincika dalilin. Misali, idan nisa na odar ya kasance 981 mm, kuma mafi ƙarancin faɗin yankan da ake buƙata ta corrugator shine 20mm, to 981mm+20mm=1001mm, wanda ya fi girma 1000mm, kawai amfani da takarda 1050mm don tafiya. Nisa gefen shine 1050mm-981mm = 69mm, wanda ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake gyarawa na yau da kullun, yana haifar da raguwar asarar yanki.
Matakan ingantawa: Idan dalilai ne na sama, yi la'akari da cewa ba a gyara tsari ba, kuma ana ciyar da takarda tare da takarda 1000mm. Lokacin da aka buga na ƙarshen kuma an cire akwatin, za a iya ajiye takarda mai faɗi 50mm, amma wannan zai kasance zuwa wani matsayi Rage ingancin bugawa. Wani ma'auni shine cewa sashin tallace-tallace na iya yin la'akari da wannan lokacin karɓar umarni, inganta tsarin tsari, da haɓaka tsari.
● Asarar Tab
Tabbing yana nufin ɓangaren da ake samarwa lokacin da ake buƙatar gidan yanar gizon takarda mai faɗi don ciyar da takarda saboda ƙarancin takarda na asali na gidan yanar gizon takarda. Alal misali, odar ya kamata a yi ta takarda tare da nisa na takarda na 1000mm, amma saboda rashin takardar tushe na 1000mm ko wasu dalilai, takarda yana buƙatar ciyar da 1050mm. Ƙarin 50mm shine tabo.
Ma'anar Formula: Yankin asara tabbing = (Shafin yanar gizo bayan shafin yanar gizon da aka tsara tabbing) × yankan tsayi × (yawan yankan wukake don samfurori masu kyau + adadin yankan wukake don samfurori mara kyau).
Dalilai: sayan ɗanyen takarda mara ma'ana ko sayan ɗanyen takarda da sashen tallace-tallacen bai dace ba.
Matakan haɓaka don haɓakawa: Ya kamata siyan kamfani ya sake duba ko siyan ɗanyen takarda da safa ya dace da bukatun abokan ciniki, kuma a yi ƙoƙarin yin haɗin gwiwa tare da abokan ciniki a cikin shirye-shiryen takarda don gane tunanin aikin t-yanayin. A gefe guda kuma, sashen tallace-tallace dole ne ya sanya jerin buƙatun kayan aiki a gaba don baiwa sashen sayayya tsarin sayayya don tabbatar da cewa takarda ta asali tana wurin. Daga cikin su, asarar samfuran da ba su da lahani da asarar manyan samfuran yakamata su kasance cikin asarar aikin sashen samar da kwali, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman ma'aunin kimantawa na sashen don haɓaka haɓakawa.
2. Buga akwatin hasara
● Ƙarin hasara
Za a ƙara wani adadin ƙarin samarwa lokacin da aka samar da kwali saboda gwajin injin buga da hatsarori yayin samar da kwali.
Ma'anar tsari: Ƙarin yanki na asara = adadin adadin da aka tsara na yanki na kartani.
Dalilai: babban hasara na bugu, ƙarancin aiki na ma'aikacin buga bugu, da babban asarar tattarawa a mataki na gaba. Bugu da ƙari, sashen tallace-tallace ba shi da iko akan adadin ƙarin umarni da aka sanya. A zahiri, babu buƙatar ƙara ƙarin yawa sosai. Yawan yawa da yawa zai haifar da haɓakar da ba dole ba. Idan ba za a iya narkar da abin da ya wuce gona da iri ba, zai zama “matattu kaya”, wato, kayan da aka wuce, wanda hasarar da ba dole ba ce. .
Matakan ingantawa: Ya kamata wannan abu ya kasance cikin asarar aiki na sashin akwatin bugawa, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman ma'aunin kimantawa na sashen don haɓaka ingancin ma'aikata da matakin aiki. Sashen tallace-tallace zai ƙarfafa ƙofa don ƙarar oda, da kuma samar da ƙararrakin samarwa mai rikitarwa da sauƙi Don yin bambanci, ana ba da shawarar haɗawa da haɓakawa a cikin labarin farko don sarrafawa daga tushen don guje wa wuce gona da iri da ba dole ba. samarwa.
● Yanke hasara
Lokacin da aka samar da kwali, ɓangaren da ke kewaye da kwali da injin yankan mutuwa ke birgima shine asarar gefen.
Ma'anar tsari: Yankin asara mai mirginawa = (yankin takarda da aka shirya bayan mirgina) × yawan wuraren ajiya.
Dalili: asarar al'ada, amma dalilin ya kamata a yi la'akari lokacin da yawa ya yi yawa. Hakanan akwai injina na atomatik, na hannu, da na'urori masu yankan atomatik, kuma buƙatun mirgina gefen da ake buƙata suma sun bambanta.
Matakan haɓakawa: dole ne a ƙara injunan yankan mutuwa daban-daban tare da mirgina gefen gefen daidai don rage asarar baki gwargwadon yiwuwa.
● Full version trimming asarar
Wasu masu amfani da kwali ba sa buƙatar zubewar gefe. Don tabbatar da ingancin, ya zama dole don ƙara wani yanki a kusa da kwalin na asali (kamar ƙara da 20mm) don tabbatar da cewa kwali na birgima ba zai zube ba. Ƙarar ɓangaren 20mm shine asarar yankewar cikakken shafi.
Ma'anar tsari: yanki na asarar cikakken shafi = (yankin takarda da aka shirya-yankin kwali na gaske) × adadin ɗakunan ajiya.
Dalili: hasara na al'ada, amma lokacin da adadin ya yi yawa, ya kamata a bincika dalilin kuma a inganta shi.
Ba za a iya kawar da hasara ba. Abin da za mu iya yi shi ne don rage asara zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci kuma mafi ma'ana matakin ta hanyoyi da dabaru daban-daban gwargwadon yiwuwa. Sabili da haka, mahimmancin rarraba asarar a cikin sashin da ya gabata shine bari hanyoyin da suka dace su fahimci ko asarar daban-daban suna da ma'ana, ko akwai damar ingantawa da abin da ya kamata a inganta (alal misali, idan asarar samfuran super ma ya fi yawa. babba, yana iya zama dole don sake duba ko mai ba da izini ya ɗauki takarda Daidaitacce, ƙetare hasara ya yi yawa, yana iya zama dole a sake duba ko shirye-shiryen takarda na asali yana da ma'ana, da dai sauransu) don cimma manufar sarrafawa da. ragewa asara, rage farashi, da haɓaka gasa samfurin, kuma yana iya tsara alamomin kimantawa ga sassa daban-daban bisa ga asara iri-iri. Bayar da mai kyau da azabtar da mara kyau, da kuma kara sha'awar masu aiki don rage asara.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 19-2021